Petra is the rose-red Nabataean city carved into the sandstone cliffs of southern Jordan. Settled in the 4th century BC by an Arab trading people who controlled the caravan routes between Arabia, Damascus, and the Mediterranean, it became the capital of their kingdom in the 2nd century BC and reached its peak under King Aretas IV (9 BC – 40 AD). The Treasury (Al-Khazneh) — the iconic 37-metre Hellenistic façade revealed at the end of the Siq — was likely his mausoleum.
Annexed by Rome in 106 AD, devastated by the earthquake of 363 AD, and progressively abandoned over the following centuries, Petra was lost to the Western world until the Swiss traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt rediscovered it in 1812. UNESCO inscribed the entire archaeological park in 1985 (criteria i, iii, iv); a global popular vote named it one of the New 7 Wonders of the World in 2007.
What you walk through is enormous — 264 square kilometres of carved tombs, temples, processional ways, royal palaces, a Roman theatre cut into the rock, and the colossal Monastery (Ad Deir) at the top of an 800-step climb. Plan on a full day minimum, two if you have the time, three if you intend to walk the quiet trails away from the main route.